Eastern Asian LNG gross imports fell by 3.9% in 2015
In 2015, LNG imports in Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan reached a total of 152.8 Mt, which represents a 3.9% decrease compared to 2014 (159 Mt). The drop was steady throughout the year, even though it slowed down in the fourth quarter, when imports decreased by 3.1% year-on-year against a rate of over 4% in the previous quarters.
In Japan, which accounts for about a third of the world LNG consumption, imports dropped by 3.9%, from 88.5 Mt in 2014 to 85 Mt in 2015. The bulk of the decline was caused by the drop of LNG use in the power sector: the ten privately-owned electric power companies of Japan, which bought 55.7 Mt of LNG in 2015, reduced their consumption of LNG by 4.8% (-2.7 Mt). On the one hand, this decline is explained by an overall drop in power generation in 2015 (-5.1% to 685 TWh) caused by above than average temperature in the spring and lower than average temperature in June and September, which reduced demand for heating and cooling. On the other hand, the 13.7 % increase of hydro, new energy and nuclear power impacted the use of thermal plants. The electricity generated by thermal plants declined by 6.8% so that besides LNG, consumption of coal, heavy fuel oil and crude oil by power companies decreased by 1.6%, 19.3% and 23.4% respectively. In addition, city gas sales of the top-3 natural gas utilities dropped by 0.9% mostly because of lower consumption in the residential and business sectors.
In 2015, LNG net imports grew by 16.6% in Europe as demand for natural gas grew in the region. As a consequence of more deliveries (+1.8 Mt) and less reloads (-2.68 Mt), net imports increased by 4.47 Mt up to 31.35 Mt. Except in France, where gross imports decreased from 5.07 Mt to 4.77 Mt while re-expors slightly decreased (-0.03 Mt), and in Greece, where imports were flat at around 0.45 Mt, net imports increased everywhere because of various factors.
Eastern Asian LNG imports dropped by 4.2% year-on-year in Q3 2015
In Q3 2015, LNG gross imports dropped by 4.2 % year-on-year in Eastern Asia. In Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan, LNG imports declined by 1.6 million tons from 38.1 million tons in Q3 2014 to 36.5 million tons in Q3 2015. In Japan, LNG imports were cut by 5.6% down to 20.9 million tons, as inventories were high and demand from the power sector weaker than a year ago. The latter was explained by lower than average temperatures in July and September, reducing the need for air-conditioning, and the restart of Sendai’s first reactor, even though it accounted for only 0.5% of the electricity generated by the 10 major producers.
In China, LNG imports decreased by 3.5% year-on-year in Q3, from 4.8 million tons in Q3 2014 to 4.6 million tons in Q3 2015. Over the first nine months of the year, LNG imports reached 14.1 million tons compared to 14.7 million tons over the same period last year (-3.7% year-on-year), while imports by pipeline grew to 11.7 bcm (+68.3% year-on-year in the first nine months). While high wholesale gas prices reduced the competitiveness of natural gas in the first half of the year and limited the growth of demand, LNG demand in recent months was affected by uncertainties over these prices, which could be cut by the government soon. Gas distributors seem to have anticipated such a drop and held back stock building to avoid a devaluation of their inventories.
In Taiwan, LNG imports dwindled by 5.4% year-on-year in Q3 2015, to 3.9 million tons. Despite the drop, Taiwanese imports grew by 7.1% year-on-year in the first nine months of the year, from 10.3 million tons to 11 million tons.
After two quarters of decrease, LNG imports were flat in Q3 2015 in South Korea. The second largest importer in the world received 7 million tons in Q3 2015 against 6.98 million tons in Q3 2014. In August, the country imported 15.6% less LNG than in August 2014, but higher demand during this same month from the power sector caused by above average temperatures contributed to increase imports in September (+13.3% year-on-year).
The drop in LNG average import prices temporary on hold
In Eastern Asian countries, the continuous drop in LNG prices was somehow put on hold over Q3 2015 as a consequence of the slight rebound in crude oil prices which occurred in May and June. In Japan, where long-term contracts prices are typically indexed on JCC price and include a 3-month lag, average import price grew from $8.61/mmbtu in June to $9.65/mmbtu in September. Similarly, average import price in South Korea grew from $9.11/mmbtu to $9.61 over the same period. In China and Taiwan, the higher share of spot purchases and the use of different prices formula for long-term contracts explain the different trends.
On the spot market, LNG price decreased over the summer. While Japan LNG spot price averaged $7.58/mmbtu in June, it increased in July and August when it peaked at $7.97/mmbtu, its highest level since January 2015. However, low demand in Asia and the ramp-up of new facilities in Australia and Indonesia drove spot prices down to $7.21/mmbtu in September.
Market share of Pacific Basin producers above 60%
In the third quarter of the year, the share of LNG produced in the Pacific Basin region (including Asia Oceania and Russia) continued to grow and reached 60.9% against 59% in Q2 2015 and an average of 52.4% during the whole year 2014. On the opposite, the share of supply from the Middle East decreased to 32.4% in Q3 2015 against 33.8% in Q2 2015 and a 37.8% average in 2014.
Such a trend, which started in 2013, intensified in 2015 as consequence of the ramp up of new regional producers and diminished or diverted production from the Middle East. In the first nine months of 2015, Eastern Asian countries imported 19.1 million tons of LNG from Australia against 17.6 million tons over the same period in 2014 (+8.8%). Similarly, imports from Papua New Guinea reached 5.3 million tons from January to September 2015 (+199.7% year-on-year).
On the contrary, exports from the Middle East to these four Asian countries have reduced for various reasons. In Yemen, the collapse of LNG exports from 3.6 million tons in the first nine months of 2014 to 1 million tons in 2015 is due to the shut down of the Yemen LNG plant in February. As for Qatar, supply to Eastern Asia dropped by 8.4% year-on-year from January to September as a consequence of the diversion of flexible LNG to Europe and exports to new importing countries (Egypt, Pakistan, Jordan). Imports from the United Arab Emirates decreased because of maintenance work at the Adgas plant in March 2015. Last, but not least, imports from Oman dropped by 15% from 5.6 million tons in the first nine months of 2014 to 4.8 million in the first nine months of 2015 as growing domestic demand for natural gas (+5.5% or 1.55 Bcm over the period) reduced available feedgas for the Oman LNG plant.
In Japan, which accounts for about a third of the world LNG consumption, imports dropped by 3.9%, from 88.5 Mt in 2014 to 85 Mt in 2015. The bulk of the decline was caused by the drop of LNG use in the power sector: the ten privately-owned electric power companies of Japan, which bought 55.7 Mt of LNG in 2015, reduced their consumption of LNG by 4.8% (-2.7 Mt). On the one hand, this decline is explained by an overall drop in power generation in 2015 (-5.1% to 685 TWh) caused by above than average temperature in the spring and lower than average temperature in June and September, which reduced demand for heating and cooling. On the other hand, the 13.7 % increase of hydro, new energy and nuclear power impacted the use of thermal plants. The electricity generated by thermal plants declined by 6.8% so that besides LNG, consumption of coal, heavy fuel oil and crude oil by power companies decreased by 1.6%, 19.3% and 23.4% respectively. In addition, city gas sales of the top-3 natural gas utilities dropped by 0.9% mostly because of lower consumption in the residential and business sectors.
